Appropriate decision making about site selection for Residential Units by managers of cities, Housing construction companies, and recreational and educational centers, is required to understand the preferences of households in the area. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors influencing the choice of residential location and measuring the impacts of these factors on probability of the choice. For this purpose, the multinomial logit model was used, and different city areas were classified based on the value of real estate transactions. Then, we sampled from categories randomly based on residential density. Totally 383 households were sampled. The results showed that the household economic factors included income, price, Rent housing units, household, being House or apartment, access to recreational and educational centers, time and costs of transportation; are the main determining factors. The results of this study proved that. the behavior and preferences of families in different neighborhoods is not the same. for example, the increase in prices and rents in neighborhoods with low trading value, have a negative effect on the selections, but in neighborhoods with higher trading value, it means the improvement of the quality of housing, and increased the probability if choices. Also The tendency to apartment units in neighborhoods with high trading value, is higher than low-cost areas. Due to differences in the behavior of households in selecting housing units in different neighborhoods by stakeholders, influential and relevants, is very important.

The Navab Housing Project has been one of the most significant renewal projects at resident areas in Tehran that needs to be studied for satisfaction assessment for success assessment. This paper attempts to present resident's satisfaction assessment research project was conducted at three phases of the above mentioned residential project in Tehran. Some personal and family's variables were studied for their affects' on the satisfaction level of various residents' social groups there. Data collection was conducted at the study field using a questioner filled in for a sample of 270 residents there. Data analysis has been also conducted using the SPSS software. The analysis results express satisfaction of the residents on their houses to be at mid-level. Theoretical mode was estimated to be equal to 3. Factors including the satisfaction variable on residential unites by their residents shows that full satisfaction was only expressed on security level of the residential complex.The factor of "relationships among neighbors" was estimated at mid-level. Other factors such as facilities of the residential complex, landscape and view, and physical significances of the complex were associated with dissatisfaction. Importance assessments of these factors show that the complex facilities was of top-importance from the residents point of view, while the security and view factors took the lower positions.The results of factor analysis support this experimental model by high level (89%). This was concluded from literature review on .similar subjects. On factor analysis of personal and family's variables and their affects on satisfaction levels expressed by the residents, none of these variables were affecting.

A B S T R A C T The current research is descriptive-analytical. In terms of purpose, it is in the category of applied research. Both library and field methods have collected the information required for this research. The statistical population of the research consisted of citizens living in Kasra, Azadi, Rezvan, Rahan, Hasht Behesht and Zeytoun residential complexes, which consisted of 6588 people, and the sample size according to the Cochran formula was 364. The study results of the studied residential complexes from the perspective of spatial connectivity indicators indicated that among the investigated complexes, Rahan residential complex had the lowest connectivity index compared to the rest of the complexes, and the highest share of this comparison goes to Kasra residential complex. From the comparison of the complexes based on the interconnection index, we conclude that the location of spaces and accesses in Rahan complex is very weak. Compared to the rest of the complexes, the location of access and communication in Kasra complex is lower. Moreover, Rezvan has been suitable and successful. It is said that the increase of connection in public spaces occurs with increase of sociability. Among the other results of this research, the spatial order component with the path coefficient value of 0.368 has the highest path coefficient among the investigated components. In the first place, the playability component with a path coefficient of 0.253 is in the second place, the multi-purpose component with a path coefficient of 231 0.0 in the third place, the security component with a path coefficient of 0.162 is in the fourth place and the environmental comfort component is in the fifth place with a path coefficient of 0.153 Extended Abstract Introduction In the public space of neighborhoods and residential environments, the issue of sociability has been less addressed. Public spaces can boost the social life of citizens by strengthening social interactions and being involved in social sustainability. The residential environment conveys the residents a sense of well-being and satisfaction through physical, social or symbolic features. In each residential complex, according to the different arrangements of the blocks in it, it is possible to reach different influential indicators of the public space in it, which, according to the way they are arranged, have different potentials from the point of view of sociability in them. Declining sociability causes many problems in relationships between people and reduces the sense of belonging to a place, security, and other issues caused by not paying attention to the quality of collective life in housing. The main question is: - What are the components of the spatial structure affecting the sociability of residential complexes in the city of Kermanshah?   Methodology The current research is descriptive-analytical. In terms of purpose, it is in the category of applied research. Two library and field methods have collected the information needed for this research. In the field method, primary data collection has been done according to the research questions by designing a 5-scale Likert scale questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of citizens living in Kasra, Azadi, Rezvan, Rahan, Hasht Behesht and Zeytoun residential complexes, which consisted of 6588 people, and the sample size was estimated to be 364 people using the Cochran formula. Factors such as the ease of access to the complexes, the willingness and cooperation of the residents and the management of the complexes were also influential in selecting the samples studied in this research. In this research, in order to investigate the sociability of residential complexes based on the   theoretical framework prepared in the present research, the physical indicators affecting this issue include five indicators of "connectivity, interconnectedness, control, selection and depth" in each of The studied samples have been evaluated and analyzed in public spaces including the playground, gathering space, parking lot, and lobby. This research used Depthmap analytical software and structural equation modeling software to analyze the data.   Results and discussion In this research, the relation of sociability of public spaces of residential complexes in Kermanshah, which includes Kasra residential complex, Azadi residential complex, Rezvan residential complex, Rahan residential complex, Hasht Behesht residential complex and Zeytoun residential complex as the basis of the research case. Among the samples studied, Rahan residential complex has the lowest connectivity index compared to other complexes; the largest share of this comparison goes to Kasra residential complex. In the meantime, Zeytoun residential complex, then Azadi, Hasht Behesht and Rezvan have the lowest to the highest amount. It can be seen that the public spaces of Rahan residential complex do not have the desired level of connectivity. As the communication increases, the spaces will become more sociable. From the comparison of the complexes based on the interconnection index, we conclude that the location of the spaces and accesses in the Rahan complex is very weak and lower than the rest of the complexes. According to the numbers extracted, Zeytoun complex and following that Kasra and Rezvan complexes are at the same level of performance, and Azadi and Hasht Behesht complexes have the best performance in this aspect; the placement of access and communications in Kasra and Rezvan complexes has been appropriate and successful. It is said that the increase of connection in public spaces occurs with the increase of sociability. Among the investigated sociability components, the spatial order component with the path coefficient value of 0.368 has the highest path coefficient. In the first place the playability component with a path coefficient of 0.253 is in the second place, and the multipurpose component with a path coefficient of 0.231. In the third place, the security component, with a path coefficient of 0.162, is in the fourth place, and the environmental comfort component is in the fifth place, with a path coefficient of 0.153.     Conclusion Living in the common spaces of residential complexes allows one to be with others comfortably and effortlessly. A person can take a usual walk to be among people, sit on a bench near the door for a short time, and even sometimes look out of the window can be a worthwhile activity. In this research, an attempt was made to examine the condition of the studied residential complexes from the perspective of sociability. The results showed that Rahan residential complex had the lowest level of connectivity index compared to the rest of the complexes and the largest share of this. The comparison reaches Kasra residential complex. In the meantime, Zeytoun residential complex, then Azadi, Hasht Behesht and Rezvan have the lowest to the highest amount. It can be seen that the public spaces of Rahan residential complex do not have the desired level of connectivity. As the communication increases, the spaces will become more sociable. From the comparison of the complexes based on the interconnection index, we conclude that the location of spaces and accesses in Rahan complex is very weak. Compared to the rest of the complexes, the location of access and communication in Kasra complex is lower. And Rezvan has been suitable and successful. It is said that the increase of connection in public spaces occurs with the increase of sociability. Extended Abstract Introduction In the public space of neighborhoods and residential environments, the issue of sociability has been less addressed. Public spaces can boost the social life of citizens by strengthening social interactions and being involved in social sustainability. The residential environment conveys the residents a sense of well-being and satisfaction through physical, social or symbolic features. In each residential complex, according to the different arrangements of the blocks in it, it is possible to reach different influential indicators of the public space in it, which, according to the way they are arranged, have different potentials from the point of view of sociability in them. Declining sociability causes many problems in relationships between people and reduces the sense of belonging to a place, security, and other issues caused by not paying attention to the quality of collective life in housing. The main question is: - What are the components of the spatial structure affecting the sociability of residential complexes in the city of Kermanshah?   Methodology The current research is descriptive-analytical. In terms of purpose, it is in the category of applied research. Two library and field methods have collected the information needed for this research. In the field method, primary data collection has been done according to the research questions by designing a 5-scale Likert scale questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of citizens living in Kasra, Azadi, Rezvan, Rahan, Hasht Behesht and Zeytoun residential complexes, which consisted of 6588 people, and the sample size was estimated to be 364 people using the Cochran formula. Factors such as the ease of access to the complexes, the willingness and cooperation of the residents and the management of the complexes were also influential in selecting the samples studied in this research. In this research, in order to investigate the sociability of residential complexes based on the theoretical framework prepared in the present research, the physical indicators affecting this issue include five indicators of "connectivity, interconnectedness, control, selection and depth" in each of The studied samples have been evaluated and analyzed in public spaces including the playground, gathering space, parking lot, and lobby. This research used Depthmap analytical software and structural equation modeling software to analyze the data.   Results and discussion In this research, the relation of sociability of public spaces of residential complexes in Kermanshah, which includes Kasra residential complex, Azadi residential complex, Rezvan residential complex, Rahan residential complex, Hasht Behesht residential complex and Zeytoun residential complex as the basis of the research case. Among the samples studied, Rahan residential complex has the lowest connectivity index compared to other complexes; the largest share of this comparison goes to Kasra residential complex. In the meantime, Zeytoun residential complex, then Azadi, Hasht Behesht and Rezvan have the lowest to the highest amount. It can be seen that the public spaces of Rahan residential complex do not have the desired level of connectivity. As the communication increases, the spaces will become more sociable. From the comparison of the complexes based on the interconnection index, we conclude that the location of the spaces and accesses in the Rahan complex is very weak and lower than the rest of the complexes. According to the numbers extracted, Zeytoun complex and following that Kasra and Rezvan complexes are at the same level of performance, and Azadi and Hasht Behesht complexes have the best performance in this aspect; the placement of access and communications in Kasra and Rezvan complexes has been appropriate and successful. It is said that the increase of connection in public spaces occurs with the increase of sociability. Among the investigated sociability components, the spatial order component with the path coefficient value of 0.368 has the highest path coefficient. In the first place the playability component with a path coefficient of 0.253 is in the second place, and the multipurpose component with a path coefficient of 0.231. In the third place, the security component, with a path coefficient of 0.162, is in the fourth place, and the environmental comfort component is in the fifth place, with a path coefficient of 0.153.     Conclusion Living in the common spaces of residential complexes allows one to be with others comfortably and effortlessly. A person can take a usual walk to be among people, sit on a bench near the door for a short time, and even sometimes look out of the window can be a worthwhile activity. In this research, an attempt was made to examine the condition of the studied residential complexes from the perspective of sociability. The results showed that Rahan residential complex had the lowest level of connectivity index compared to the rest of the complexes and the largest share of this. The comparison reaches Kasra residential complex. In the meantime, Zeytoun residential complex, then Azadi, Hasht Behesht and Rezvan have the lowest to the highest amount. It can be seen that the public spaces of Rahan residential complex do not have the desired level of connectivity. As the communication increases, the spaces will become more sociable. From the comparison of the complexes based on the interconnection index, we conclude that the location of spaces and accesses in Rahan complex is very weak. Compared to the rest of the complexes, the location of access and communication in Kasra complex is lower. And Rezvan has been suitable and successful. It is said that the increase of connection in public spaces occurs with the increase of sociability.

Satisfaction with housing and residential environment are considered as the key factors of life satisfaction. The relationship between privacy in personal spaces and collective interaction in the spatial organization of residential apartment units is one of the determining factors in assessing the satisfaction of residents. Providing privacy for family members in the physical spaces of the residential unit is the foundation and prerequisite for maintaining privacy and regulating internal relations and communicating with the outside of the residential unit. The research question is, what is the relationship between spaces in different types of spatial organizations and residential apartment units? What impact do the relationships between personal and communal spaces and inter-unit spaces have on the level of resident satisfaction in residential units? And how can this satisfaction be enhanced through design solutions? The main goal of the current research was to enhance awareness for designing more desirableresidential apartment units. Moreover, the other objectives of the study could include (a) gaining a better understanding of the human relationships between elements of the organizational structure and the residential unit space; (b) exploring how to create a balance between personal privacy and communal interaction among residents and guests; and (c) creating acoustic and visual privacy within the interior space of the residential unit and with neighboring units. Data was collected by using questionnaires that were distributed to all participants in the present study. The case study was limited to the typical apartment housing in Amol city, which includes row buildings with an average height of three to six floors, along with spaces such as entrance, staircases, open spaces, and other common structural and facility elements. In these buildings, based on the study of building completion documents registered in the central municipality of Amol, four types of residential units have been identified with the most frequent occurrence of their spatial organization. The present study carried out in four pahses: the first phase was to obtain detailed maps from the central municipality, which involves researching and categorizing contemporary residential apartment units in Amol from 1380 until now (the period during which apartment housing construction became common in the city). In the second phase, the components of the research were identified and the viewpoints of experts in this field were examined and collected to investigate the impact of research components on the spatial organization of residential units, and also the questionnaire has gone through the validation proceduresIn the third phase, after distributing and collecting the questionnaires, Amos and Friedman tests were performed to analyze and rank the residents' opinions. It should be noted that the analysis of the responses of the sample unit residents was performed in this pahse. And finally, in the fourth phase, by examining the satisfaction level charts, important variables affecting the plan were extracted. The answers to the questions for measuring the level of satisfaction of the residents were set within the range of zero to five with an average of 2.5. Whenever the level of resident satisfaction is below average, the level of satisfaction is lower and above average, the level of satisfaction is higher. The trend of development in residential units in type A with the average of 1.7 indicates a general dissatisfaction with the spatial organization. This amount was slightly improved in type (b) and was closer to the overall average with an average of 2.18.The level of satisfaction in the types of C and D has reached higher improvement, with averages of 2.75 and 3.24, respectively. The findings of the research indicated that the residents of residential apartment units expressed relative dissatisfaction due to the lack of necessary measures to preserve visual and sound transfer between interior spaces, maintain a proper distance between communal and personal spaces, and have a view of the entrance area and the openness of the facade to the interior spaces. The research results suggest design solutions such as the entrance design, geometry and proportion of the plan, control of sound transmission between residential unit spaces, control of outward views, and creation of useful space for pause and movement in the spaces between the two main parts of the unit.The findings of the present study can be generalized to similar cultures and cities in the northern regions of the country by examining and obtaining dominant samples and the type of spatial organization performance. The design solutions table of the research can be applied to the cultural and climatic conditions of other regions of the country to develop design guidelines suitable for local cultures and specific environments.

Background: Identifying the vulnerabilities of urban residential areas, zoning and vulnerability prioritization of these areas are the prevention and preparedness policies for retrofitting buildings. This paper aims to determine and prioritize the vulnerability of residential units in urban areas of Shiraz city based on skeleton index. Therefore, a multi-objective model with promising applications is presented for residential units’ vulnerabilities in the city.Method: In this descriptive-analytical and applied research, the vulnerability of residential units was performed on the basis of 7 criteria by using both the analytic hierarchy process for weighting the criteria and GIS for integrating the related mapping.Findings: The results indicated that design and urban planning in city of Shiraz are not based on physical parameters. So that the highest vulnerability due to access roads network and open space and the lowest vulnerability are related to district 8 and districts 1 and 6 respectively; As a result, for reducing the vulnerability of urban areas in Shiraz, the districts of 4 and 1 are to planning for priority based on the criterion of proximity to strategic areas. However, priority planning for different districts is as follows: the districts of 2, 5, 4 and 8 based on population density; the districts of 8, 3 and 7 based on open space and area of the residential units; the districts 1, 5 and 6 due to building density; and districts of 1, 5 and 8 based on standard life building in residential units and access network. The closer we get to the center of the city, the vulnerability of residential units increased. This is due to some items such as sensitive military sites, high population density and residential areas with small size in the city center.

In this paper the application of CHP systems in reduction of energy consumption as well as CO2 generation has been evaluated. A residential tower and an apartment have been considered as case studies. CHP system has been selected based on two scenarios (heat and power demand base) for both cases. The results show that the energy consumption as well as CO2 generation decrease when CHP has been designed based on power demand, while the fixed cost increases. In this case, CHP systems with capacity of 10 and 700 kilowatt are adequate for an apartment and residential tower respectively. Meanwhile the results show that in the second scenario (heat demand) the fixed cost decreases while energy consumption and CO2 will increase.

As we know, The tourism Industry is the most Expanded Serviced Industry. In the future it's Improvement Speed Will be More than today, surely. The countries of the world have closed Competition for using of Economic, Social and cultural advantages of tourism, But it is believed that Full successful mess in tourism industry is not only in Quantitative Conditions, But it must be studied in Qualitative Approach and in preservation of physical Environment. The Quality is support of suture tourism industry certainty. So it must be studied with today conditions first and then it is nececery to find Facilities and challenges, about it. In relation of this subject present study about residing units and Hotels located in shiraz City are studied with using of czeroimrore model. The methodology is Experimental Analytic and bibliological and field studies are done together. Statistical volume is formed of 293 tourists from regions of Iran that is completed with koukran model. The results are Amied in 7 Items of: Security, Foods, Drink, official System, Application, Rooms, Inner space of Romms, Location of Hotels, Petipherial Spaces, Recreation and walefaire. With using of statistic and Analysis of them the final Result shoms that none of 7 factors are in standard level in about resifing units and hotels of shiraz and conmot provide the Expected Needs of tourist.

This paper presents a fault location technique for transmission lines with minimum current measurement units. The proposed method used proper current ratios to find fault locations based on both The venin theory in faulty power networks and calculation of short circuit currents in each branch. These current ratios are extracted based on lowest sensitivity to The venin impedance variations of the network. Proposed algorithm compares current ratios in offline calculations with associated values collected by measurements with a lookup table mechanism. A similarity measure algorithm can find location of the fault including line number and the distance. A multi-objective optimization problem using Bees Algorithm (BA) is used to search monitoring points with minimum possible current measurements. Accuracy of the proposed algorithm is evaluated in a widely used multi-machine network of Western Systems Coordinating Council (WSCC).

Being aware of the waiting time for selling residential units is one of the important issues in the housing sector for the majority of people, especially investors. There are several factors affecting the waiting time for selling residential units. Determining the influential factors on the time period of selling real estates can lead to an informed decision making by real estate consultants, sellers as well as those seeking to buy real estates. Using a real estate database in Iran, the present paper proposes a two-module procedure. The first module deals with implementation of association rule mining. Using the well-known association rule mining techniques namely FP-Growth, several association rules have been extracted which indicate the effective factors on the waiting time for selling residential units. Generated association rules have been evaluated based on metrics such as support, confidence and lift and finally the best rules are selected. The main objective of the second module is to develop a fuzzy inference system which can determine the factors influencing the waiting time for selling residential units from historical data, so that the model can be used to estimate the time it to sell the property for a real estate agency. Several IF-THEN rules are extracted from this module. Extracted rules can be used by real estate agencies as well as buyers and sellers of residential units to make better decisions in their investments. In conclusion section, a number of suggestions for future studies are presented. For example, machine learning algorithms such as neural networks, decision trees, etc. can also be used to predict the duration of residential units’,sale. The main objective of the second module is to develop a fuzzy inference system which can learn about the factors that influence the waiting time for selling residential units from historical data, so that the model can be used to estimate the time it takes to sell the property for a real estate agency. Several IF-THEN rules are extracted from this module. Extracted rules can be used by real estate agencies as well as buyers and sellers of residential units to make better decisions in their investments.